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4. From academia to the private sector: There are several universities, colleges, and

other institutions which have R&D department at their premises. This may be a

difficult trend to follow in developing countries but it is common in developed

countries to depend on academia for getting the basic technology. This basic

technology will be further developed and commercialized. The advantage for the

private sector is that, companies rather than spending large sum of money on the

development of technology by themselves, companies can collaborate with academia

institutions by giving fund for basic research and acquire the technology.

5. Academia, government and industry collaborations: Academia, government and

industry collaboration can have reflective impact on technology transfer. The

56 Industrial Pharmacy II

government can act as a spur in developing technology by providing grants to

academic institutions for technology development and the technology developed

by academic institutions can then be transferred to private industry. By this way,

all (the government, academic institutions and industry) would be benefited. In the

pharmaceutical sector, academia, government and industry collaborations would

be most beneficial because academia can look for funding from government for

developing technology that could be transferred to industry for more development

and the industry can give financial support to the academic institution for the

technology.