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Wednesday, December 27, 2023

 


and II, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, etc.

¾ Routine biochemistry investigation and organ profile

tests, e.g. lipid, cardiac, liver and renal profiles.

¾ Under hematology, these laboratories may also

provide RBC indices, platelet, reticulocyte count and

absolute eosinophil counts. They can also classify

anemias and should be able to indicate hematologic

malignancies. When headed by a pathologist, they

should be in a position to report bone marrow smears/

preparation too.

Tertiary Laboratory

These kinds of laboratories should be able to perform all

kinds of sophisticated and delicate/precise investigations.

The tertiary laboratories can branch out in very special

fields and not cater to all aspects of specialized tests.

Besides doing all investigations that are conducted in

secondary laboratories, they also carry out the following:

¾ Specialized hematological (e.g. leukemia type), coagulation profiles and immunohematological investigations.

They are equipped with 18 parameter cell counters with

differentials and flow cytometry

¾ Complete biochemical assays, commonly referred to

as SMA-12, SMA 27, etc. Also included are elemental

assays, e.g. zinc, magnesium, iron, total iron binding

capacity (TIBC), lithium, etc. special enzymes like

HBDH, lipase and isoenzymes, etc.

¾ Complete immunology based assays for hormones,

cancer markers, hepatitis markers, rheumatic/autoimmunity etiology-based profiles, TORCH profiles,

rare infectious diseases (e.g. brucellosis leptospirosis,

cysticercosis, echinococcosis, etc.)

¾ All microbiological processes, e.g. cultures—aerobic,

anaerobic, fungal, tubercular, etc. with antibiograms.

The techniques for these investigations may vary. They

may be ELISA, chemiluminescence, turbidimetry, PCR,

etc. These laboratories are totally automated and have

sizable workload. Furthermore, they also undertake all

histopathology (simple H and E, special staining techniques,

immunohistochemistry methods) and cytopathology

processing and reportings. They may also undertake

cytogenetic investigations, e.g. chromosomal analysis.

The dissemination of reports from these laboratories is in

keeping with recent trends in telecommunications, e.g. fax,

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